Summary
On behalf of Bymiljøetaten, Oslo municipality, NIVA and Urban Living Lab have considered possible measures to maintain and increase the biodiversity of Oslo's urban sea areas, from Frognerstranda to Grønlia. A field survey of 21 sites gave an overview of the current state, and together with previous surveys and diversity-promoting measures, it formed a good basis for an interdisciplinary idea-workshop on possible solutions. Here, we evaluate the limitations of the areas with respect to biodiversity, and measures that could mitigate and improve the conditions. The most important limiting factors are related to terrain and growth surface characteristics, light access, nutrients, oxygen, environmental toxins, and other disturbances related to human impact.